Middle+Ages

Works Consulted

//World History Ancient and Medevil Eras//. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2010. . The battles of Crécy and Poitiers were won in large part because of the power and effectiveness of the English longbowmen. In those battles, the mounted knight, dominant for centuries, met his match in the peasant-turned paid soldier. The French nobility gloried in chivalry, in battles between equals, and thus gave little thought to simple bowmen. England's nobles were no less chivalrous, but made good use of the common soldier as well. Moreover, smart alliances, the able Queen Philippa of Hainaut at home, and the growing sophistication of the English Parliament, all helped strengthen the English in France. ||  ||   ||   || //World History Ancient and Medevil Eras//. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2010. . The battles of Crécy and Poitiers were won in large part because of the power and effectiveness of the English longbowmen. In those battles, the mounted knight, dominant for centuries, met his match in the peasant-turned paid soldier. The French nobility gloried in chivalry, in battles between equals, and thus gave little thought to simple bowmen. England's nobles were no less chivalrous, but made good use of the common soldier as well. Moreover, smart alliances, the able Queen Philippa of Hainaut at home, and the growing sophistication of the English Parliament, all helped strengthen the English in France. ||  ||   ||   || . This image above is the Magna Carta. It is a document that King John of England signed in 1215 after he angered his nobles with oppressive taxes and other abuses of power. Magna Carta means Great Charter. The whole idea of the Magna Carta was to influence the system of government in many countries around the world. The group that forced him to sign the Magna Carta were known as barons. In this document they included clauses recognizing the legal rights of townspeople and the church. The most significant clause protecting every freeman from arbitrary, arrest, imprisonment and other legal actions. ||  ||   ||   || //Ancient and Medevil Eras//. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2010. . To get these stained glass windows they had to get a type of pillar called flying buttresses.These made it possible to have these windows.Over the next 200 years, Christians launched other crusades, not only against the Muslims in the Holy Land but also against Egypt, the Muslims in Spain, and Christian heretics. Crusades continued all the way into the 1400s, but all those directed against the Holy Land were unsuccessful. By 1291, all the territories that had been won by the first crusaders had fallen under Muslim control. The crusade against the Muslims of Spain was called the Reconquista, led by Isabella during her rein. ||
 * || Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph || //Fifteenth-century depiction of the Battle of Poitiers//. 19 Sept. 1356. //ABC Clio//
 * || Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph || //Fifteenth-century depiction of the Battle of Poitiers//. 19 Sept. 1356. //ABC Clio//
 * || Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph || //Fifteenth-century depiction of the Battle of Poitiers//. 19 Sept. 1356. //ABC Clio//
 * || Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph || //Fifteenth-century depiction of the Battle of Poitiers//. 19 Sept. 1356. //ABC Clio//
 * || Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph || //Magna Carta//. N.d. //www.google.com//. Web. 16 Mar. 2010.
 * || Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph || //Magna Carta//. N.d. //www.google.com//. Web. 16 Mar. 2010.
 * || Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph || //Magna Carta//. N.d. //www.google.com//. Web. 16 Mar. 2010.
 * || Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph || //Stained glass window at Sainte-Chapelle//. 1243-1248. //ABC Clio World History//
 * || Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph || //Stained glass window at Sainte-Chapelle//. 1243-1248. //ABC Clio World History//
 * || Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph || //Stained glass window at Sainte-Chapelle//. 1243-1248. //ABC Clio World History//